Short tube vertical evaporator is also known as calandria type evaporator and crystallizing evaporator. In short tube vertical evaporator, liquid feed is passed through a set of vertical tubes.
The short-tube, or calandria, vertical evaporator (Figure 3) is one of the earliest types still in widespread commercial use (3). The short-tube evaporator is characterized by tubesheets (A)extending across the body and a central downspout (B).
The basic module of an evaporator is known as the “body” of the evaporator and refers to the calandria and the flash chamber. The term “effect” is used to describe the body where vapor is extracted from the raw material and is operating at the same boiling point.
Forced-circulation and calandria evaporators are required for processes where crystals are formed. These evaporators are designed to keep crystals suspended in solution to prevent scaling of the equipment. Long-tube vertical evaporators are used to concentrate a liquid that does not have solids present. [Pg.95]
CALANDRIA 9 WIPED FILM The wiped or agitated thin film evaporator has limited applications due to the high cost and is confined mainly to the concentration of very viscous materials and the stripping of solvents down to very low levels. Feed is introduced at the top of the evaporator and is spread by wiper blades on to the vertical cylindrical ...
Evaporation is an operation used to remove a liquid from a solution, suspension, or emulsion by boiling off some of the liquid. It is thus a thermal separation, or thermal concentration, process.
Figure 3.1. Calandria type evaporator. 2.2. Basket-type Vertical Evaporators The construction and operational features of basket-type evaporators are very similar to those of the standard evaporator except that the downtake is annular. The tube bundle with fixed tube sheets forms a basket hung in the centre of the evaporator from internal brackets.
Short-tube vertical evaporators consist of a short tube bundle (about 4 to 10 ft in length) enclosed in a cylindrical shell. This is called calandria. A evaporator of this Joint initiative of IITs and IISc – Funded by MHRD Page 2 of 31 NPTEL – Chemical Engineering – Chemical Engineering Design - II type is shown in Figure 3.1.
2008年1月8日 · the calandria was always pumped full of liquid, thus allowing equal flow to each tube. While each manufacturer has its own technique, falling film distribution generally is based around use of a perforated plate positioned above the top tube plate of
Short-tube vertical evaporators consist of a short tube bundle (about 4 to 10 ft in length) enclosed in a cylindrical shell. This is called calandria. The feed is introduced above the upper tube sheet and steam is introduced to the shell or steam chest of the calandria. The solution is heated and partly vaporized in the tubes.