Steel | Composition, Properties, Types, Grades, & Facts | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · steel, alloy of iron and carbon in which the carbon content ranges up to 2 percent (with a higher carbon content, the material is defined as cast iron). By far the most …
Steel - Basic Oxygen, Refining, Alloying | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Basic Oxygen, Refining, Alloying: More than half the world’s steel is produced in the basic oxygen process (BOP), which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of …
Steel - Smelting, Alloying, Refining | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Smelting, Alloying, Refining: In principle, steelmaking is a melting, purifying, and alloying process carried out at approximately 1,600° C (2,900° F) in molten …
Stainless steel | Definition, Composition, Types, & Facts - Britannica
2024年10月24日 · stainless steel, any one of a family of alloy steels usually containing 10 to 30 percent chromium. In conjunction with low carbon content, chromium imparts remarkable …
Basic oxygen process (BOP) | Britannica
basic oxygen process (BOP), a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blast-furnace iron and scrap. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic …
Steel - Production, Uses, Types | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Production, Uses, Types: The steel industry has grown from ancient times, when a few men may have operated, periodically, a small furnace producing 10 …
Steel - Bessemer Process, Alloy, Strength | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · This “basic Bessemer” process was little used in Britain and the United States, but it enabled the phosphoric ores of Alsace and Lorraine to be used, and this provided the …
Steel - Open Hearth, Alloy, Manufacturing | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Open Hearth, Alloy, Manufacturing: Though it has been almost completely replaced by BOF and EAF steelmaking in many highly industrialized countries, the …
Bessemer process | Dates, Definition, & Facts | Britannica
Bessemer process, the first method discovered for mass-producing steel. Though named after Sir Henry Bessemer, the process evolved from the contributions of many investigators before it …
Steel - Electric Arc, Alloy, Refining | Britannica
2024年11月19日 · Steel - Electric Arc, Alloy, Refining: About one-quarter of the world’s steel is produced by the electric-arc method, which uses high-current electric arcs to melt steel scrap …