Like the Playfair, the Double Playfair cipher uses 5x5 squares ... For keywords HAMBURG and NEWYORK written in rows and a spiral, respectively, we have the squares: H A M B U N L I/J H G R ...
Andrews, who popularized and promoted the cipher. Its simplicity and its cryptographic ... include writing it by columns or writing it in a spiral starting at one corner and ending in the center.