The first and second laws of thermodynamics. Entropy and equilibrium. Material and energy balances. Equations of state and properties of fluids. Solutions, phase equilibria, and chemical reaction.

The laws of thermodynamics are amongst the most assured and wide-ranging of all scientific laws. They do not pretend to explain any observation in molecular terms but, by showing the necessary ...

Elementary classical thermodynamics, applications of the first law and the second laws of thermodynamics to power and refrigeration cycles, mixtures and solutions, thermodynamic relations, chemical ...

However, interpretations that contravene the laws of thermodynamics, or at least require re-evaluation of fundamental tenets of bioenergetics, may serve to increase, rather than resolve ...

A fundamental rule that determines the fate of the universe The second law of thermodynamics means hot things always cool unless you do something to stop them. It expresses a fundamental and ...