By definition, an operating OLED is not at electrochemical equilibrium. The spatial resolution of our electrostatic potential measurement is 200 nm. As we determine the lateral electric field by ...

It provides techniques for measuring the thermodynamical state functions and for predicting equilibrium concentrations of dissolving and reacting ions. Thus the branch of electrochemistry is of major ...

Steroid hormones, harmful aquatic micropollutants, are degraded effectively using carbon nanotube membranes in ...