While it is estimated that hypertrophic cervical osteophytes occur in up to 20% to 30% of the population, they are only rarely associated with dysphagia. Pathophysiologically, dysphagia may occur ...

[5] Briefly, a transverse right sided cervical incision was used for exposure. After incision of the intervertebral disc and removal of anterior osteophytes, distraction pins placed in the ...