Manual Metal Arc welding (MMA) is often referred to as Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW) or stick electrode welding. It was the predominant form of fusion welding until the beg0inning of the 1980s.

Carbon arc welding patents were issued to N. de Benardos, a Russian, May 17, 1887. Between 1889 and 1908 the N. G. Slavinoff system of arc welding, where the carbon electrode was replaced with a bare ...

ESAB has introduced the OK Goldrox 7018 low-hydrogen stick electrode. Designed for welders who favor softer arc ...